Iranian Plateau to the Indus · Classical Era

Achaemenid Persian Empire

The largest empire the ancient world had yet seen

550 BCE – 330 BCE · 220 years

At its height the largest empire yet seen, governing dozens of distinct peoples through a tiered satrapy system.

Where it sits on the calendar

Government

Centralized empire

Writing system

Old Persian cuneiform and Aramaic

Estimated peak population

35,000,000

How it ended

Invasion or conquest

Traits

How Achaemenid Persian Empire ended

Conquered by Alexander the Great following defeats at Issus and Gaugamela.

See other civilizations that fell the same way →

Notable for

  • Royal Road spanning thousands of kilometers
  • Tolerant administration of diverse subject peoples
  • Qanat underground irrigation systems

Who else was alive at the same time

8 other civilizations in this dataset overlap with Achaemenid Persian Empire's 220-year span.

See every overlap involving Achaemenid Persian Empire →