Italian Peninsula, expanding to Mediterranean · Classical Era
Roman Republic
Rome before the emperors
509 BCE – 27 BCE · 482 years
A senate-led oligarchic republic that expanded across the Mediterranean before transitioning into imperial rule.
Where it sits on the calendar
Government
Oligarchy
Writing system
Latin alphabet
Estimated peak population
60,000,000
How it ended
Internal political collapse
Traits
Monumental architecture Bronze metallurgy Iron metallurgy Irrigation agriculture Standing army Long-distance trade Codified law Urban planning Seafaring Astronomical record-keeping
How Roman Republic ended
Civil wars and the concentration of power under Augustus ended representative rule in favor of empire.
See other civilizations that fell the same way →Notable for
- Twelve Tables, an early codified legal system
- Checks-and-balances senatorial governance
- Road and aqueduct infrastructure
Who else was alive at the same time
8 other civilizations in this dataset overlap with Roman Republic's 482-year span.
See every overlap involving Roman Republic →