Andean South America · Post-Classical Era

Inca Empire

The largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas

1438 CE – 1533 CE · 95 years

The largest pre-Columbian American empire, administering a vast Andean road network without a conventional writing system.

Where it sits on the calendar

Government

Centralized empire

Writing system

Quipu (knotted-cord recording, not full writing)

Estimated peak population

12,000,000

How it ended

Invasion or conquest

Traits

How Inca Empire ended

Collapsed under Spanish conquest, compounded by a civil war and introduced epidemic disease.

See other civilizations that fell the same way →

Notable for

  • Over 40,000 km of road network across the Andes
  • Precision dry-stone construction at Machu Picchu
  • Quipu cord-based record keeping without alphabetic writing

Who else was alive at the same time

5 other civilizations in this dataset overlap with Inca Empire's 95-year span.

See every overlap involving Inca Empire →